Research & Publications

The Intercultural Development Inventory® is used in a variety of research applications by independent IDI Qualified Administrator researchers. Explore our searchable index of publications to learn more about how the IDI has been used.

Our goal is to provide a complete database of articles related to the IDI. Do you have an IDI publication that you would like to share with us? Please let us know!

Chesser, B. T., Bloomquist, C. D., & Ford, D. J. (2024). Do We Make a Difference? The Effect of a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program Curriculum on Student Cultural Competence. Journal, Physical Therapy Education, 38(2), 92–99.
Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) education programs have been charged with developing a culturally competent health care workforce to better meet the needs of diverse communities and reduce health inequities. The purpose of this longitudinal, quasi-experimental educational intervention study was to examine the effects of an integrated DPT program curriculum on student cultural competence at a public, midsize, midwestern university.
2024
Quantitative
Healthcare
Since 2021

Keywords:

physical-therapy, higher-education, graduate-program

Methodological Approach:

descriptive-statistics, independent-sample-t-test, analysis-of-variance, dependent-sample-t-tests
Emerson, C., Keen, D., Barnett, K., & Wade-Berg, J. A. (2024). Intercultural competence development: a qualitative case study. Nurse Education in Practice, 104082.
Intercultural competence is vital for providing quality healthcare, yet there is a gap in understanding how educational interventions are designed and implemented to enhance cultural competence among nursing students. This paper describes a strategy for developing intercultural competence. The IDI was administered to Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students in the fourth semester of a five-semester BSN program. Based on their IDI results, each student received a customized IDP that suggested specific activities and encouraged guided self-reflection to enhance intercultural competence development. In the fifth-semester senior practicum course, the students developed personal intercultural competence development goals based on their IDP. They also kept weekly journals on their intercultural competence development during their practicum.
2024
Qualitative
Healthcare
Since 2021

Keywords:

healthcare, higher-education, nursing, intercultural-development-plan-idp

Methodological Approach:

case-study
Jaiswal, A., Sapkota, M. & Acheson, K. Bridging borders: assessing the impact of semester-long study abroad programs on intercultural competence development in undergraduate engineering students. IJ STEM Ed 11, 24 (2024).
Working and interacting with people from diverse backgrounds have become common in Engineering. Research has indicated that engineering graduates face challenges while working with a diverse workforce. Therefore, it is vital for higher education institutions to help engineering students develop intercultural competence skills by engaging them in intercultural learning activities. This study explores the impact of a semester-long study abroad program and its new curriculum on the intercultural learning gains of undergraduate engineering students. The study used a mixed methods design to assess the intercultural learning gains of the students enrolled in a study abroad program.
2024
Mixed-Method
STEM
Since 2021

Keywords:

engineering, international-education, higher-education

Methodological Approach:

pre-post-assessment, thematic-analysis
Jin, L., Jaiswal, A., Jones, D. C., Sapkota, M., McClure, S. N., & Stahl, A. (2024). Enhancing Intercultural Learning in Study Abroad Through an Online Curriculum in Group-Mentored Intervention. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study...
Scholars suggest that study abroad programs must intentionally design and implement intercultural intervention for students’ growth. This study used a mixed-method approach to examine the effectiveness of an online curriculum designed to facilitate the intercultural competence development of semester abroad students. Three theories informed the curricular design and study: the Intercultural Development Continuum, the Intercultural Praxis Model, and the Intercultural Knowledge and Competence VALUE rubric. Using the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) distributed before and after the study abroad experience, the study analyzed data sets for a treatment group with 110 students and a control group with 88 students. The results demonstrated that students in the treatment group achieved a statistically significant higher level of meaningful gains in their IDI scores from pre- to post-test compared to the control group. In addition, students described their growth in specific competencies. These findings contribute to study abroad literature by assessing a theoretically-grounded online curriculum rooted in intercultural theories so as to suggest best practices in group mentoring, stage-based pedagogy, and critical reflection for intercultural competence development during a study abroad program.
2024
Mixed-Method
International Education
Since 2021

Keywords:

international-education, study-abroad, higher-education

Methodological Approach:

acc-u-rubrics-for-scoring-written-responses, descriptive-statistics, paired-t-test, independent-t-test, pre-post-assessment
Baiutti, M., Deardorff, D. K., & Ruffino, R. (2024). International pupil mobility in secondary schools: which variables are most closely associated with the development of intercultural competence? Globalisation, Societies and Education, 1–12
Mobility is one of the key actions within the process of internationalising school education to develop interculturally competent pupils. The study at the heart of this paper – Developing Intercultural Competence Through Adolescents’ Mobility (DICTAM) – seeks to explore which programme design features and individual characteristics are most closely associated with the development of intercultural competence. To reach this goal, a longitudinal study (using open-ended questionnaires and the Intercultural Development Inventory) was conducted with 378 pupils from Italian secondary schools who participated in a mobility programme. Overall findings suggest that different individual characteristics and programme design variables might have a different bearing on enhancing intercultural competence. In our sample, the variables duration (longer is better) and gender (female) are the ones which more likely have a positive impact on intercultural growth.
2024
Mixed-Method
Secondary Education
Since 2021

Keywords:

international-pupil-mobility, intercultural-competence, secondary-school, assessment, internationalization-of-school-education

Methodological Approach:

pre-post-assessment

White Paper

White Paper

Validity

Validity

Graduate Program

Graduate Program

Physical Therapy

Physical Therapy

Nursing

Nursing

Learning Communities

Learning Communities

First Year Students

First Year Students

High Impact Practices

High Impact Practices

Anti-Racism

Anti-Racism

World Language Learning

World Language Learning

Curriculum Revision

Curriculum Revision

Learning and Development

Learning and Development

Employee Engagement

Employee Engagement

Managers

Managers

COIL

COIL

Engineering Course

Engineering Course

UN Sustainable Development Goals

UN Sustainable Development Goals

Course Curriculum

Course Curriculum

Interior Design Curriculum

Interior Design Curriculum

Interior Design Education

Interior Design Education

Interior Design

Interior Design

Horse Industry

Horse Industry

Short-Term Study Abroad

Short-Term Study Abroad

Perseverance

Perseverance

Equity

Equity

Reconciliation

Reconciliation

Justice

Justice

Pilgrimage

Pilgrimage

Intercultural Leadership

Intercultural Leadership

Preservice Teachers

Preservice Teachers

Diverse Learners

Diverse Learners

Agricultural Education

Agricultural Education

Service Learning

Service Learning

Nutrition

Nutrition

CBMCC

CBMCC

Tertiary Education

Tertiary Education

Multicultural Education

Multicultural Education

Critical Race Theory

Critical Race Theory

Diversity Education

Diversity Education

Dilemma

Dilemma

Disorienting

Disorienting

Mentorship

Mentorship

Transformative Learning

Transformative Learning

Military

Military

Linguistics

Linguistics

Internationalization of School Education

Internationalization of School Education

Assessment

Assessment

Secondary School

Secondary School

International Pupil Mobility

International Pupil Mobility

Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters

Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters

Peru

Peru

Culturally Responsive School Leadership

Culturally Responsive School Leadership

Doctoral Students

Doctoral Students

Leadership

Leadership

Staff

Staff

Languages

Languages

Autobiography

Autobiography

Diversity

Diversity

Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism

Reflective Writing

Reflective Writing

International Education

International Education

Intercultural Development

Intercultural Development

Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC)

Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC)

Face-to-Face Learning

Face-to-Face Learning

Virtual Learning

Virtual Learning

Healthcare

Healthcare

Undergraduate Students

Undergraduate Students

STEM Education

STEM Education

Coaching

Coaching

Intercultural Development Plan (IDP)

Intercultural Development Plan (IDP)

IDI Guided Development

IDI Guided Development

Ethics Position Questionnaire

Ethics Position Questionnaire

Higher Education

Higher Education

SILC

SILC

Quasi-Experimental Design

Quasi-Experimental Design

Comfort Providing End-of-Life Care

Comfort Providing End-of-Life Care

ICL

ICL

STEM

STEM

Inventory For Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals-Student Version© (IAPCC-SV)

Inventory For Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals-Student Version© (IAPCC-SV)

Disposition To Forgive Scale

Disposition To Forgive Scale

NEP (New Ecological Paradigm)

NEP (New Ecological Paradigm)

LSS

LSS

Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying

Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying

Reflections

Reflections

MAKSS-R

MAKSS-R

myCAP

myCAP

Group Discussion

Group Discussion

Upper Class-Men

Upper Class-Men

CCSE

CCSE

Experiential Learning

Experiential Learning

Creative Action Methodology

Creative Action Methodology

Religious Orientation Scale-Revised

Religious Orientation Scale-Revised

Spiritual Assessment Inventory

Spiritual Assessment Inventory

Materialism Scale

Materialism Scale

Quest Scale

Quest Scale

Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revise

Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revise

Intercultural Learning (ICL)

Intercultural Learning (ICL)

Speech Therapy

Speech Therapy

Engineering

Engineering

Role of Institution/Instructor

Role of Institution/Instructor

Research Synthesis

Research Synthesis

Dependent Sample T-Tests

Dependent Sample T-Tests

Independent Sample T-Test

Independent Sample T-Test

Journal Entries

Journal Entries

Student Narratives

Student Narratives

Narrative Analysis

Narrative Analysis

Skills Survey-Revised (MAKSS-R)

Skills Survey-Revised (MAKSS-R)

Student Learning Outcomes

Student Learning Outcomes

Course Design

Course Design

Paired Sample t-Test

Paired Sample t-Test

Enneagram

Enneagram

Intercultural Conflict Style (ICS) Inventory

Intercultural Conflict Style (ICS) Inventory

Written Reflections

Written Reflections

Independent T-Test

Independent T-Test

Phenomenology

Phenomenology

Two-Sample t-Test

Two-Sample t-Test

One-Tailed Test

One-Tailed Test

Case Study

Case Study

N/A

N/A

Thematic Analysis of Various Documents

Thematic Analysis of Various Documents

IDI Instrument

IDI Instrument

Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Focus Group

Focus Group

Semi-Structured Interviews

Semi-Structured Interviews

CHI SQUARE

CHI SQUARE

ANCOVA

ANCOVA

Herman Brian Dominence Instrument

Herman Brian Dominence Instrument

Intervention

Intervention

Regression Analysis

Regression Analysis

Experiment and Control Groups of UG Students

Experiment and Control Groups of UG Students

IDI Survey

IDI Survey

Pre-Post IDI Survey

Pre-Post IDI Survey

Analysis of Variance

Analysis of Variance

Technical Action Research

Technical Action Research

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

Content Analysis

Content Analysis

Thematic Analysis

Thematic Analysis

Interviews

Interviews

Study Abroad

Study Abroad

ACC&U Rubrics for Scoring Written Responses

ACC&U Rubrics for Scoring Written Responses

Independent Sample T-Test and Thematic Analysis

Independent Sample T-Test and Thematic Analysis

Pre-Post Assessment

Pre-Post Assessment

Pre-Post-Test Design

Pre-Post-Test Design

ANOVA Two Way and Correlation

ANOVA Two Way and Correlation

Multiple Regression

Multiple Regression

Descriptive

Descriptive

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics and Content Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Content Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Small Scale Methodological Approach

Descriptive Statistics and Small Scale Methodological Approach

Correlation

Correlation

ANOVA

ANOVA

Descriptive Statistics and Thematic Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Thematic Analysis

Paired T-Test

Paired T-Test

SAGS

SAGS

Pre-Interviews

Pre-Interviews

Critical Thinking Test Scale

Critical Thinking Test Scale

ANOVA One-Way

ANOVA One-Way

Quantitative

Quantitative

T-Test

T-Test

IDI

IDI
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