Research & Publications

The Intercultural Development Inventory® is used in a variety of research applications by independent IDI Qualified Administrator researchers. Explore our searchable index of publications to learn more about how the IDI has been used.

Our goal is to provide a complete database of articles related to the IDI. Do you have an IDI publication that you would like to share with us? Please let us know!

Jaiswal, A., Jin, L. & Acheson, K. (2024). Evaluation of STEM Program on Student Intercultural Development: Do Intercultural Interventions Work?
Developing an interculturally competent STEM workforce is the need of time. Research has demonstrated that STEM students find it challenging to work with individuals from diverse backgrounds. This study used Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) instrument to understand the intercultural learning gains of technology students by administrating the survey in the program’s first year and final year. The data were analyzed using multivariate statistics to assess the intercultural learning gains of the students. The study results indicate that students demonstrated a statistically significant increase in intercultural competence as they progressed from their first year to their final year of college. The study also indicated that having an intercultural mindset and participating in intercultural activities such as study abroad programs or intercultural mentoring can help students internalize intercultural competence and make meaningful gains on the intercultural development continuum. The study also provides recommendations to help students develop interculturally.
2024
Quantitative
STEM
Since 2021

Keywords:

intercultural-learning, stem-education, undergraduate-students, higher-education

Methodological Approach:

descriptive-statistics, t-test, anova
Jaiswal, A. (2023). Intercultural Learning for Teachers. White Paper
This white paper provides a snapshot of the strategies used by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to develop intercultural competence to in-service teachers and student teachers. Some important points to note here are: • The studies discussed in this paper used the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) to evaluate students’ intercultural learning gains. • The paper is organized under the following three themes: 1) study abroad and intercultural learning in teachers; 2) role of professional development for training teachers on intercultural competence; and 3) embedding intercultural learning into the regular curriculum for student teachers. • The studies highlight the importance of structured interventions and programs to impart intercultural competence. • Important definition: 1) student teachers: are undergraduate or graduate students enrolled in teacher education programs, 2) in-service teachers: are the full-time teachers teaching in schools or early day care centers.
2023
Research Synthesis
Teacher Development
Since 2021

Keywords:

higher-education, white-paper

Methodological Approach:

research-synthesis
Jaiswal, A. (2023). Intercultural Learning in the Healthcare Sector. White Paper
This white paper provides a snapshot of the strategies used by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to impart intercultural competence to healthcare students. The studies discussed in this paper have used the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) as a measure to evaluate the intercultural learning gains for students. The paper is organized under the following three themes: 1) study abroad and intercultural learning in healthcare, 2) home university curriculum integration and intercultural learning in healthcare, and 3) virtual exchange and intercultural learning in healthcare. The healthcare sectors primarily discussed in this paper are nursing, pharmacy, speech and audiology, and occupational/physical therapy. The studies highlight the importance of structured interventions such as involving students in reflective practices and developing programs allowing students to experience other cultures through virtual exchange or in-person, which would allow students to develop intercultural competence.
2023
Research Synthesis
Healthcare
Since 2021

Keywords:

higher-education, white-paper

Methodological Approach:

research-synthesis
Jaiswal, A. (2023). Intercultural Learning in Business Management Studies. White Paper
This white paper provides a snapshot of the strategies used by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to impart intercultural competence to business and managementrelated disciplines. Some important points to note here are: • The studies discussed in this paper used the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) assessment to evaluate students’ intercultural learning gains. • The paper is organized under the following three themes: 1) study abroad and intercultural learning, 2) curriculum infusion (no study abroad) and intercultural learning, and 3) role of training the trainer in developing a global workforce. • This analysis highlights the importance of creating a global workforce by engaging management students in structured interventions and study abroad programs and discusses the role of faculty in imparting intercultural competence.
2023
Research Synthesis
Business, Management, & Leadership
Since 2021

Keywords:

higher-education, white-paper

Methodological Approach:

research-synthesis
Jaiswal, A. (2023). Synopsis of Validity Studies in the context of the Intercultural Development Inventory. White Paper
This white paper presents a synopsis of several decades of evidence for the validity of the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI). The sources of this evidence include peerreviewed scholarly articles and statistical analyses published by external parties. The original validation of the IDI instrument was published by Hammer and colleagues [1] in the International Journal of Intercultural Relations, a high-status peer-reviewed journal in the intercultural field. This study described and discussed both the content and construct validity of the IDI.
2023
Research Synthesis
Validity
Since 2021

Keywords:

validity, white-paper

Methodological Approach:

research-synthesis

White Paper

White Paper

Validity

Validity

Graduate Program

Graduate Program

Physical Therapy

Physical Therapy

Nursing

Nursing

Learning Communities

Learning Communities

First Year Students

First Year Students

High Impact Practices

High Impact Practices

Anti-Racism

Anti-Racism

World Language Learning

World Language Learning

Curriculum Revision

Curriculum Revision

Learning and Development

Learning and Development

Employee Engagement

Employee Engagement

Managers

Managers

COIL

COIL

Engineering Course

Engineering Course

UN Sustainable Development Goals

UN Sustainable Development Goals

Course Curriculum

Course Curriculum

Interior Design Curriculum

Interior Design Curriculum

Interior Design Education

Interior Design Education

Interior Design

Interior Design

Horse Industry

Horse Industry

Short-Term Study Abroad

Short-Term Study Abroad

Perseverance

Perseverance

Equity

Equity

Reconciliation

Reconciliation

Justice

Justice

Pilgrimage

Pilgrimage

Intercultural Leadership

Intercultural Leadership

Preservice Teachers

Preservice Teachers

Diverse Learners

Diverse Learners

Agricultural Education

Agricultural Education

Service Learning

Service Learning

Nutrition

Nutrition

CBMCC

CBMCC

Tertiary Education

Tertiary Education

Multicultural Education

Multicultural Education

Critical Race Theory

Critical Race Theory

Diversity Education

Diversity Education

Dilemma

Dilemma

Disorienting

Disorienting

Mentorship

Mentorship

Transformative Learning

Transformative Learning

Military

Military

Linguistics

Linguistics

Internationalization of School Education

Internationalization of School Education

Assessment

Assessment

Secondary School

Secondary School

International Pupil Mobility

International Pupil Mobility

Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters

Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters

Peru

Peru

Culturally Responsive School Leadership

Culturally Responsive School Leadership

Doctoral Students

Doctoral Students

Leadership

Leadership

Staff

Staff

Languages

Languages

Autobiography

Autobiography

Diversity

Diversity

Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism

Reflective Writing

Reflective Writing

International Education

International Education

Intercultural Development

Intercultural Development

Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC)

Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC)

Face-to-Face Learning

Face-to-Face Learning

Virtual Learning

Virtual Learning

Healthcare

Healthcare

Undergraduate Students

Undergraduate Students

STEM Education

STEM Education

Coaching

Coaching

Intercultural Development Plan (IDP)

Intercultural Development Plan (IDP)

IDI Guided Development

IDI Guided Development

Ethics Position Questionnaire

Ethics Position Questionnaire

Higher Education

Higher Education

SILC

SILC

Quasi-Experimental Design

Quasi-Experimental Design

Comfort Providing End-of-Life Care

Comfort Providing End-of-Life Care

ICL

ICL

STEM

STEM

Inventory For Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals-Student Version© (IAPCC-SV)

Inventory For Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals-Student Version© (IAPCC-SV)

Disposition To Forgive Scale

Disposition To Forgive Scale

NEP (New Ecological Paradigm)

NEP (New Ecological Paradigm)

LSS

LSS

Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying

Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying

Reflections

Reflections

MAKSS-R

MAKSS-R

myCAP

myCAP

Group Discussion

Group Discussion

Upper Class-Men

Upper Class-Men

CCSE

CCSE

Experiential Learning

Experiential Learning

Creative Action Methodology

Creative Action Methodology

Religious Orientation Scale-Revised

Religious Orientation Scale-Revised

Spiritual Assessment Inventory

Spiritual Assessment Inventory

Materialism Scale

Materialism Scale

Quest Scale

Quest Scale

Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revise

Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revise

Intercultural Learning (ICL)

Intercultural Learning (ICL)

Engineering

Engineering

Speech Therapy

Speech Therapy

Role of Institution/Instructor

Role of Institution/Instructor

Research Synthesis

Research Synthesis

Dependent Sample T-Tests

Dependent Sample T-Tests

Independent Sample T-Test

Independent Sample T-Test

Journal Entries

Journal Entries

Student Narratives

Student Narratives

Narrative Analysis

Narrative Analysis

Skills Survey-Revised (MAKSS-R)

Skills Survey-Revised (MAKSS-R)

Student Learning Outcomes

Student Learning Outcomes

Course Design

Course Design

Paired Sample t-Test

Paired Sample t-Test

Enneagram

Enneagram

Intercultural Conflict Style (ICS) Inventory

Intercultural Conflict Style (ICS) Inventory

Written Reflections

Written Reflections

Independent T-Test

Independent T-Test

Phenomenology

Phenomenology

Two-Sample t-Test

Two-Sample t-Test

One-Tailed Test

One-Tailed Test

Case Study

Case Study

N/A

N/A

Thematic Analysis of Various Documents

Thematic Analysis of Various Documents

IDI Instrument

IDI Instrument

Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Focus Group

Focus Group

Semi-Structured Interviews

Semi-Structured Interviews

CHI SQUARE

CHI SQUARE

ANCOVA

ANCOVA

Herman Brian Dominence Instrument

Herman Brian Dominence Instrument

Intervention

Intervention

Regression Analysis

Regression Analysis

Experiment and Control Groups of UG Students

Experiment and Control Groups of UG Students

IDI Survey

IDI Survey

Pre-Post IDI Survey

Pre-Post IDI Survey

Analysis of Variance

Analysis of Variance

Technical Action Research

Technical Action Research

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

Content Analysis

Content Analysis

Thematic Analysis

Thematic Analysis

Interviews

Interviews

Study Abroad

Study Abroad

ACC&U Rubrics for Scoring Written Responses

ACC&U Rubrics for Scoring Written Responses

Independent Sample T-Test and Thematic Analysis

Independent Sample T-Test and Thematic Analysis

Pre-Post Assessment

Pre-Post Assessment

Pre-Post-Test Design

Pre-Post-Test Design

ANOVA Two Way and Correlation

ANOVA Two Way and Correlation

Multiple Regression

Multiple Regression

Descriptive

Descriptive

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics and Content Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Content Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Small Scale Methodological Approach

Descriptive Statistics and Small Scale Methodological Approach

Correlation

Correlation

ANOVA

ANOVA

Descriptive Statistics and Thematic Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Thematic Analysis

Paired T-Test

Paired T-Test

SAGS

SAGS

Pre-Interviews

Pre-Interviews

Critical Thinking Test Scale

Critical Thinking Test Scale

ANOVA One-Way

ANOVA One-Way

Quantitative

Quantitative

T-Test

T-Test

IDI

IDI
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